2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省廣州市白云區(qū)彭加木紀(jì)念中學(xué)高一（下）第一單元單元測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷

單句語(yǔ)法填空

• 1．He is widely

  （acknowledge）as the best player in the world.
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• 2．He was

  （apparent）much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten．
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• 3．He insist on

  （give）every detail of the case.
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• 4．The key to success as a romantic

  （novel） is absolute belief in your story．
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• 5．He tried boiling fresh wormwood，and

  （use） the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.
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語(yǔ)法填空

• 16．TU Youyou，84，（1）

  （honor）with the Nobel Prize in Physiology（生理學(xué)）or Medicine on Oct 5.She was（2）

  first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science.Tu shared the prize （3）

  the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan.
      Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.She was honored for （4）

  （develop）artemisinin， "a new drug therapy against malaria" （5）

  has saved millionsof lives worldwide，（6）

  （especial）in developing countries，the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
      Tu and her colleagues （7）

  （join）a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late1960s.They made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese（8）

  （medicine）books.In 1971，after more than 190 （9）

  （fail），Tu's team finally found an extract that was100 percent effective against the malaria parasites（寄生蟲）-artemisinin.
      "The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine.Its the collective achievement of the research team. （10）

  （win）the prize is an honor for China's science and traditional Chinese medicine， "Tu told Xinhua.
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閱讀理解

• 17．NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge.Her most deadly weapons - bacteria，viruses，and parasites（寄生蟲） - claim millions of lives every year.
     But thanks to the hard work of great scientists，mankind could turn nature against itself.And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
     Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin（阿維菌素），a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis（象皮?。?Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
     Omura is a microbiologist by training.He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds（化合物） that work against harmful microbes（微生物）.Campbell，working in the US，took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin，which is effective against parasites in farm jye.aiimals.An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans，which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
     Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.Its discovery was the result of Project 523，a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
     Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites，which attack red blood cells，causing fever，and sometimes，brain damage and death.Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books.In 1971，after more than 190 failures，Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasjye.aies.It was called qinghaosu，later renamed artemisjye.aijye.ai.In 2001，the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
     Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.Similarly，river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.These days，doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth.All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell，Omura and Tu helped to discover.
  
  （1）The drug Tu Youyou developed，artemisinin，has proven effective in treating

  .
  A．river blindness
  B．malaria
  C．lymphatic filariasis
  D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
  （2）Avermectin，discovered by Campbell and Omura，comes from

  .
  A．bacteria
  B．plants
  C．farm animals
  D．ocean animals
  （3）Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin？

  
  A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
  B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
  C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.
  D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
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