2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省廣州大學(xué)附中高二（上）開學(xué)英語試卷
發(fā)布：2025/1/6 21:0:3
閱讀理解（2.5×20=50分）
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1．Microplastics are everywhere in our environment.It's hardly surprising that the tiny pieces have also been found in humans.A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121，000 particles each year.
Measuring 50 to 500 microns（微米），microplastics come from large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces.Therefore，much is still unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body，as well as their effects on human health.
Hoping to fill in some of these gaps，a research team led by Kieran Cox from the University of Victoria looked at 26 papers evaluating （評估） the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items，among which are seafood，sugars，salts，honey，alcohol and water.The team also evaluated the potential consumption （消耗） of microplastics through inhalation（呼吸）using former data.Based on these data，the researchers figured out that our yearly consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39，000 to 52，000 particles.When microplastics through inhalation are taken into account，the range jumps to between 74，000 and 121，000 particles per year.
The authors of the study found that people who drink from plastic water bottles take in an additional 90，000 microplastics each year，compared to 4，000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small decisions，over the course of a year，really matter and have an effect." Cox says.The new study，according to its authors，was the first to investigate human exposure （暴露） to microplastics.But in all likelihood，the research tells only a small part of the entire story.Collectively，the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake.The team could not account for food groups like fruits，vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.
For those worried about microplastic consumption，cutting down bottled water is a good place to start.But to the heart of the problem，we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.
（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body？
A．The quantity.
B．The quality.
C．The shape.
D．The size.
（2）How did Kieran Cox's team work out the potential consumption of microplastics？
A．By studying papers.
B．By analyzing the data.
C．By comparing the effects.
D．By conducting experiments.
（3）Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.
B．The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.
C．Cox's team gained detailed information of microplastics taken in by humans.
D．People consume 74，000 to 121，000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．The Hidden Problems of Microplastics
B．Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies
C．Microplastics Coming From Various Sources
D．The Effects of Microplastics on Human Healths組卷：0引用：1難度：0.7 -
2．California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（資源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California組卷：1引用：4難度：0.6 -
3．"It has nothing in common with anything else on the Bund（外灘）." said Ben Wood，the American architect behind Shanghai's famous Xintiandi District，commenting on the Fosun Foundation after its completion in 2016. "The great thing about the Bund is that it's grand.Perhaps a building that can stand out is needed here to show that accompany is progressive.But it's not grand."
For now，however，the Fosun Foundation ---a new theatre ---is proving popular with riverside tourists.
Located in the Bund Finance Center，the theatre was designed by co-operation of two world-known British design firms：Foster+ Partners and Heatherwick Studio.The architectural highlight is the outward appearance ---a golden，three-layered（層） steel bamboo curtain that hangs from the third floor.But what makes the architecture really unique is that it "dances"：repeatedly each day，the curtain slowly moves ---opens and closes--- with music.This visual element，combining East and West，looks like both an ancient Chinese crown and a Western harp（豎琴）.The building's ground floor entrance looks unclear，but once inside，you'll see the space reveal a hall and cafe，and traditional Chinese theatres on the upper floors.Although there're only four stories above ground，the building houses several music halls on its three underground floors.
"The opportunity to make something new in this culturally historic location was extraordinary，" said Thomas Heatherwick，Heatherwick Studio founder. "We tried to make it an interesting addition to show Shanghais mix of modern and historic architecture."
The Fosun Foundation is only part of a bigger plan for this economic and cultural center in China.Along the Huangpu River，a massive waterfront art area is being built.Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global art industry in the coming years.
What Shanghai makes of this new riverside project remains to be seen.But with the Fosun Foundation open to the public，the area's rapid transformation is bringing up discussions in China's arts scene and beyond.
（1）What did Ben Wood mainly talk about？
A．How to keep the Bund area progressive.
B．Why the Bund area doesn't stand out.
C．How to make the Fosun Foundation grand.
D．Why the Fosun Foundation doesn't fit the area.
（2）What makes the theatre unusual？
A．The colour of its appearance.
B．The material of the building.
C．The movement of its curtain.
D．The music of a different type.
（3）What is Shanghai's bigger plan for the Bund area？
A．To improve its influence in arts.
B．To bring up more traditional buildings.
C．To strengthen its economic role.
D．To mix modern and historic elements.
（4）Which word best describes the author's attitude to the plan？
A．Worried
B．Pessimistic
C．Cautious
D．Confident組卷：2引用：1難度：0.6 -
4．Does happiness have a scent？
When someone is happy，can you smell it？
You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile，heating them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug.But can you also smell their happiness？
Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent，and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell，reports Phys.jye.ai.
For the study，12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them.All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers，and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.
Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell，while researchers monitored their reactions.Only women were selected to smell the samples，apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.
Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents--particularly their facial expressions--indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.
"Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell，" said study co-author Gun Semin，a professor at Koc University in Turkey.
This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent，but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to ojye.airs.The study also found that other emotions，such as fear，seem to carry a scent too.This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell，but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.
Researchers have yet to isolate（分離）exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is，but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be.Happiness perfumes，for instance，could be invented.Scent therapies（香味療法）could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.
Perhaps the most surprising result of the study，however，is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated，and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.
（1）What is the main finding of the new research？
A．Men produce more sweats.
B．Negative emotions have a smell.
C．Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.
D．Women have a better sense of smell.
（2）The underlined part "abstain from" in Paragraph 3 probably means.
A．a(chǎn)void
B．practice
C．continue
D．try
（3）What is the application value of the new research？
A．Perfumes could help people understand each other.
B．Some smells could be developed to better our mood.
C．Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.
D．Some smells could be created to improve our appearance.
（4）We can learn from the last paragraph that.
A．happiness comes from a scent of sweat
B．positive energy can deepen understanding
C．people need more emotional communication
D．social surroundings can influence our emotions組卷：30引用：6難度：0.7
語法填空。（1×20=20分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
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11．With a big smile on her face，Gan Youqin chats with her followers in her live-stream（直播）every night，trying（1）
（promote） sales of oranges from her hometown，a small village in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.She，together with her teammates，（2）（help）villagers sell nearly 500，000 kilograms of oranges every week.The 40-year-old woman，who used to be a farmer and housewife，is now admired in her hometown（3）her great success in boosting sales of farm produce.
Gan（4）（know） as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online.She was（5）（initial）encouraged by her nephew，who asked Gan to be the main character in his short videos（6）（feature） country life.As Gan's fame grew，they began to sell fruit from their family orchard （果園），（7）soon fell short of demand.They then launched an e-commerce company selling various kinds of（8）（agriculture） products from all over the region.
Gan's company has been（9）great success and Gan has received lots of awards for her （10）（achieve）.She is now devoted to shooting videos and live-streaming，but is also planning to offer free training to those who love the industry.組卷：69引用：9難度：0.4
書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）
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12．假定你是李華，學(xué)生會主席．你校和英國某中學(xué)是友好學(xué)校．對方學(xué)校將舉辦"中國文化周"，邀請你校派學(xué)生參加．請你給負(fù)責(zé)該項目的老師Jason寫一封電子郵件表示感謝邀請并詢問相關(guān)事宜．內(nèi)容如下：
1．活動開始時間；
2．活動內(nèi)容；
3．學(xué)生住宿安排．
注意：
1．詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫．
Dear Jason，
___________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua組卷：13引用：12難度：0.5